The lemon tree (Citrus ×limon (L.) Osbeck), which gives rise to the lemon fruit. This vegetable and its partitions such as stem, leaves, root, flower, fruit, and seeds already have an established repertoire of important biological activities. However, despite studies using fractions, juices, and extracts, the effects promoted by lemon gum (LG) in biological systems have not yet been studied, nor related to its structural and physicochemical characteristics. LG was isolated and later analyzed the molar mass distribution was determined by gel permeation chromatography, with a Shimadzu LC-20AD. To obtain the NMR spectra, and LG sample was dissolved in deuterium oxide, obtained with a Bruker AVANCE DRX 500 MHz. TMSP-d4. The in vitro cytotoxicity of LG was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazole)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium (MTT) bromide assay, while the in vivo biocompatibility in mice was performed by the acute toxicity method. After the isolation of LG, the biopolymer showed an average yield of 79.3%. Its determined molar mass was 8.08×105 g/mol, characterizing it as a polymer of high molecular mass, with a monomodal mass profile. In the anomeric region ( 4.40-5.26) of the 1H NMR spectrum, it is possible to see 8 signals due to anomeric protons, however, in the 13C NMR spectrum 9 signals due to anomeric carbons ( 95.5 -109.1) can be depicted. The LG potential to inhibit cell proliferation was close to or greater than 50% against some cancer cell lines, with the highest percentage inhibition for human prostate adenocarcinoma. In the in vivo toxicity model, it was demonstrated to be a biocompatible polymer, with few variations in the measured parameters compared to the control group. These results indicate that LG may be a promising polymer shown in an arabinogalactan profile, for several biomedical and biotechnological applications.